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Of: Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province Radio and Television Cui Dongming
 On television, the video signal on the video in terms of the formation, in different formats of television, although the formation of the whole television signal video encoder structure is different, but it basically includes matrix circuit, luminance signal channel chroma signal channel, synchronous signal circuits and hybrid circuits and other sections. TV is usually set up with two synchronous machines (including one spare), with all the necessary synchronization signals. For example: PAL color TV system synchronization signal synchronous machine produces seven: OK to promote the signal H, Field promote signal V, composite sync signal S, is slightly hidden composite signal A, subcarrier F, color burst flag pulse pulse P K and PAL Recognition . These signals in the frequency and phase has a strict relationship between the timing signals by a standard adopted by some of the processing and transformation to produce.
Unified synchronization reference from the television station to send the total control system.
Switcher input television signal or broadcast reception of foreign car signal, have to ensure the synchronization of the station consistent with the external sync, otherwise it will cause the image roll, and even loss of image. There are three ways to solve these problems, namely, frame synchronizer France, Taiwan, and Taiwan from the main PLL lock method. This article focuses on the frame synchronous machine working principle and application in the television broadcast.
A brief synchronous machine theory Frame synchronization machine, also known as frame synchronizer (FrameSynchronizier), referred to as FS. It is a system could be a way out of sync with the TV signal so that it can work with digital equipment, synchronization, popular talk, is a synchronous converter.
1. Frame Synchronization machine works This is based on open-loop phase-locked digital processing method. It is the external video signal into a digital signal after the memory delay. Read reference clock signal synchronized with the platform to achieve the external signal and the station signal genlock purpose, shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 2. Working principle of frame synchronization Figure 1 shows the principle
, which uses memory to external signals, analog-digital conversion to digital signal write frame memory, and then sync signal as the base engine room, and gradually read out from memory, and then to digital-analog conversion into analog video signal output.
Frame synchronous machine by the A / D transformation and D / A conversion, write clock generator, clock generator and memory read out part of several parts. Uncorrected playback video signal by the import processing and A / D transformed into digital signals, under the control of the write clock is read in turn by the D / A transformation into an analog signal. Under the control of the write clock, data input into memory of the beat and the beat of the same time base.
As write clock signals relative to the phase of each line is written, that the relative phase of sampling points is constant. In the read-side, read out the time to lock in the reference signal, so read from the memory the data is stable, period uniform, no longer sometimes jitter. Equivalent to the time base error with different signals at different delay, the signal time base ahead of a number of multi-delay, delay of the signal time-base of some small delay, so that the last received signal and reference signal of the time base line.
3. Frame Synchronizer core Storage system includes two parts, memory and memory control is the heart of the frame synchronous machine.
Frame synchronous machine is usually used in shift register memory (SAM) and random access memory (RAM).
Memory used to store data, store the data according to certain rules control the write and read out the logical choice to provide control. Store control including write, read and overload control.
Writing and reading is the role of the circuit data in the correct address to write and read. Among them, the write clock generator's role is too base corrector provides write timing signals, including A / D converter with the sampling pulse and the memory clock used to write, write, and so began to pulse. Write clock signal must be strictly synchronous playback, the playback signals must be accurately track the changes in time base, the higher the tracking precision, the higher the accuracy of its calibration.
Working memory, first write the order of the clock signal into a digital video memory, over time, by the time the clock read. As the time base error, so write and read different clock speeds, this phenomenon will destroy the frame synchronous machine work, known as the overload. Overload, resulting in images flicker or tearing, which is not allowed, so the circuit by the overload detection and control of its.
The same time, compensation for loss of frame synchronization is also used in machine, which uses television signals related work between the lines.
Two typical application of synchronous machine mode Machine Application
frame synchronization and input according to applications, can take different forms. Such as: In the broadcast system.
Figure 2 Figure 2 2 switching with application mode, all external sources are sent to a small matrix, in the matrix frame synchronization output of two machines access to main equipment will be sent to switcher signal switching matrix in advance to access the target machine side frame synchronization, frame synchronization by switching machine is sent to Taiwan, because of continuous use before and after the various possibilities of external sources, it is generally applied using this method, at least two of the frame synchronization machine. Similarly, in this applications, the frame synchronization signal source with the local machine are locked in the local synchronous machine.
Frame synchronization function to handle multiple signals, such as S-Video, analog component, composite signals, AES / EBUDIGITALI / O and SDI signals can be analog input, digital output, it is ideal for the transition to digital products. High point of the frame synchronous machine can process the audio signal, the sound of delay to resolve the issue.
On Yangzhou City Channel TV live, for example, programming in other locations outside Taiwan, such as Runyang opening ceremony, fireworks Yangzhou Tourism Festival opened trade in March. Broadcast vehicles and studios combined use of two way switch (Figure 2) will broadcast the output signal as the rear car of the studio's way outside the main signal, use the frame synchronous machines and video and audio isolation transformers and other equipment. Through the optical transmission means, to transmit television signals back to Taiwan from the site within the engine room.
City Channel by the British Pro-bell Automatic Broadcast Control System, its control is the core of 24 × 12 switch matrix, receiving from the general control system for machine processing by the frame synchronization signal the live broadcast, broadcast scheduling. Figure 3, the total
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